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rTMS for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's

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Dementias or Major Neurocognitive Disorders can impair one’s ability to live independently and meaningfully interact with their loved ones. Generally, people who have these diseases will progress from having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to progressively worsening stages of dementia.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is not normal ageing. It occurs when there is an objective decline in cognitive abilities, but the person is still relatively independent. 10-15% of people diagnosed with MCI will convert to having a Major Neurocognitive Disorder (dementia) every year.

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common Major Neurocognitive Disorders (dementia). Alzheimer’s is a degenerative disease in which people’s cognition will progressively decline over an average of 10 years until their death.

The exact cause of MCI and early alzheimers is not entirely known. However, most patients with MCI and Early Alzheimers have abnormal structural and functional changes within the brain. In addition, genetic factors and environmental factors play a role.

Unfortunately, there are no cures for these diseases, and no standard disease-modifying therapies are available.

rTMS is currently being investigated as a possible treatment option for MCI and early Alzheimer’s disease. Several recently published systematic reviews (1-3) have shown evidence that rTMS can enhance memory, concentration, and language skills, while also reducing the likelihood of MCI progressing to dementia. It has also been shown to help with neurobehavioral symptoms such as anxiety, aggression, and sleep.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, highly effective treatment that uses electromagnetic impulses that pass easily through the skull to stimulate abnormal brain activity without any systematic side effects or downtime.

  1. Lapid, M., Pagali, S., Kumar, R., Lundstrom, B., Croarkin, P., & Kung, S. (2023). Evidence for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a systematic review. Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation, 16(1), 277.
  2. Licht, C., Herbrandt, S., van Meegen, C., Lehfeld, H., Hillemacher, T., & Richter, K. (2023). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cognitive Effects of rTMS in Caucasian Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sciences, 13(9), 1335.
  3. Chou, Y. H., That, V. T., & Sundman, M. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis of rTMS effects on cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of aging, 86, 1-10.